Acid battery is mainly composed of container, pole plate and spacer. The container of acid battery is used to store electrolyte and support the pole plate, so it must have the characteristics of acid leakage prevention, corrosion resistance, sturdiness and high temperature resistance. According to different materials, the commonly used lead-acid battery containers are glass tank, lead-lined wooden tank, plastic tank and hard rubber tank.

Generally, the pole plate of the acid battery used in offshore oil engineering is made of lead-antimony alloy in grid format, and the active material is pressed into the grid. The active material of the positive plate is lead dioxide (PbO2), and the active material of the negative plate is spongy pure lead. In order to increase the capacity, the positive and negative plates of the battery are made into many pieces, which are connected together in parallel to form two groups, constituting the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. Each group of positive and negative plates consists of a single battery voltage of about 2V, in practice, often 3 or 6 of the same single battery connected in series to become a group. The negative plate of the battery is always more than the positive plate, each positive plate is sandwiched between two negative plates, so that both sides of the positive plate are chemically reacted, resulting in the same expansion and contraction, reducing the chance of bending the plate, thus extending the service life of the plate, because the negative plate is much less expansion and contraction than the positive plate during charging and discharging, the manufacturing is also thinner than the positive plate, and the outer two negative plates are only one side of the plate and the positive pole. The thickness of the negative plate is thinner than that of the middle negative plate.

The role of the spacer is to insulate the positive and negative plates of the battery from each other, and it can be made of wood, hard rubber, plastic, etc. In order to make the electrolyte flow freely, the construction of the partition should be porous, but the active material cannot be made to contact with the adjacent plate after the partition.